BREATHING PATTERN INEFFECTIVE (10)    NUPA ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS (1927.2)

• Assess respiratory rate and depth with auscultation of breath sounds.
• Provide oxygen and suction, as needed.
• Assess for pain and provide comfort and positional changes to allow maximal chest expansion.
• Educate patient to use incentive spirometer and how to splint chest while coughing.
• Assist with ADLs and provide periods of rest between activities.
• Educate patient regarding pursed-lip breathing, abdominal breathing, performing relaxation techniques, and scheduling activities to avoid fatigue.
• Other

State in which a person experiences an actual or potential loss of 
adequate ventilation related to an altered breathing pattern (dyspnea, 
tachypnea, fremitus, shallow breathing, use of accessory muscles).