CONFUSION, CHRONIC (94)    NUPA ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS (1927.2)

• Assess orientation to time, place, person and situation and orient to surroundings and reality, as needed.
• Educate family member regarding the effects of current illness, providing as safe environment and techniques to reduce confusion.
• Explain all activities using simple explanations and provide instructions step-by-step.
• Observe patient to determine baseline behaviors.
• Provide calm environment. Eliminate extraneous noise/stimuli.
• Provide safety measures and monitor medications and their reaction.

Irreversible, long-standing, and/or progressive deterioration of intellect 

1 NANDA International (2005). Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions & 
Classification 2005-2006. Philadelphia: Author.

2Carpenito, L. J. (2000). Nursing Diagnosis: Application to Clinical 
Practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.   

and personality.1

Defining Characteristics: Clinical evidence of organic impairment; 
Progressive or long-standing cognitive impairment; Altered personality; 
Impaired short and long-term memory; Impaired socialization; Altered 
interpretation and/or response to stimuli; No change in LOC.1  

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